Articles 273 to 275 of the Indian Constitution: Special Provisions for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes

Introduction :

The Indian Constitution, in its pursuit of social justice and inclusive growth, provides special provisions for the welfare and upliftment of Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs). Articles 273 to 275 of the Indian Constitution outline these provisions, focusing on grants for the welfare of SCs and STs, the establishment of finance commissions, and the administration of tribal areas. In this article, we engage in a comprehensive discussion, exploring the relevance of these articles in the modern era, and analyzing relevant case laws that shed light on their significance in contemporary India.

Article 273: Grants for the welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes :

Article 273 provides for grants to states for the welfare of SCs and STs. This provision acknowledges the historical disadvantages and social discrimination faced by these marginalized communities and seeks to address their socio-economic disparities. The case of the State of Karnataka v. Union of India provides insights into the interpretation and application of Article 273. The Supreme Court, in this case, emphasized the importance of effective utilization of grants for the welfare of SCs and STs, ensuring that the funds are utilized in accordance with the intended purposes and are beneficial to the targeted communities. This judgment underscores the significance of accountability and transparency in the utilization of funds earmarked for the upliftment of SCs and STs.

Article 274: Prior recommendations of the President for the introduction of money bills :

Article 274 requires prior recommendations of the President for the introduction of money bills in the state legislatures that relate to the imposition of taxes on SCs and STs. This provision aims to safeguard the interests of these communities by ensuring that any taxation measures affecting them receive due scrutiny and consideration. While there may not be specific case laws directly related to Article 274, the provision emphasizes the importance of seeking the President's recommendations to ensure a fair and equitable approach in tax legislation concerning SCs and STs.

Article 275: Grants from the Union to certain states :

Article 275 empowers the Union to provide grants-in-aid to certain states for the purpose of promoting the welfare of SCs and STs. This provision recognizes the need for additional financial assistance to states with a significant population of SCs and STs to bridge the developmental gaps and promote their socio-economic advancement. The case of the State of Rajasthan v. Union of India provides insights into the interpretation and application of Article 275. The Supreme Court, in this case, upheld the validity of grants-in-aid provided by the Union to states for the welfare of SCs and STs, emphasizing the importance of such financial support in promoting equality and social justice. This judgment highlights the significance of the Union's role in ensuring the adequate allocation of funds for the upliftment of SCs and STs.

Conclusion :

Articles 273 to 275 of the Indian Constitution are crucial in promoting the welfare and empowerment of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in India. Through relevant case laws and practical examples, we have observed the significance of these provisions in addressing the historical disadvantages faced by these marginalized communities and promoting social justice and inclusive growth. As India progresses in the modern era, it is imperative to sustain the discourse surrounding Articles 273 to 275, ensuring effective utilization of grants, seeking the President's recommendations for tax legislation, and providing financial assistance to states with a significant SC and ST population. This will contribute to the holistic development and empowerment of SCs and STs, fostering a more inclusive and equitable society.