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 1: INTRODUCTION In a sharp rebuke to governmental litigation practices, the Supreme Court of India criticised the Union government for contributing to judicial backlog through routine and avoidable appeals . The Court imposed costs of ₹25,000 while dismissing a Special Leave Petition (SLP), highlighting the paradox of the State being both the largest litigant and a critic of judicial delays .  2: FACTUAL BACKGROUND Case concerned a CISF constable dismissed from service Charges included: Unauthorised absence for 11 days Alleged involvement in facilitating elopement of a colleague’s daughter Key Facts Absence occurred during sanctioned medical leave The woman involved: Appeared during inquiry Confirmed voluntary marriage with constable’s brother Stated no grievance  3: HIGH COURT FINDINGS The Punjab and Haryana High Court: Set aside dismissal order Directed: Reinstatement Continuity of service Division Bench Observations No perversity or illegality Punishment of dismissa...

 1: INTRODUCTION A court-appointed committee under the supervision of the Supreme Court of India has delivered a scathing indictment of environmental governance in Rajasthan, highlighting “unabated” industrial pollution in the Jojari–Luni–Bandi river system. The report underscores a systemic collapse of regulatory enforcement , raising serious concerns about environmental protection, public health, and constitutional accountability.  2: FACTUAL BACKGROUND The Court took suo motu cognisance (September 2025) based on media reports A nine-member high-level committee was constituted in November 2025 Headed by Sangeet Lodha Affected Regions Jodhpur Pali Balotra Key Finding Rivers transformed into a toxic mix of sludge, untreated industrial effluents, and sewage  3: SCALE OF POLLUTION Nearly: 1000 textile units in Balotra 500+ units in Pali 300+ textile and 80 steel units in Jodhpur Many units—particularly in estates developed by Rajasthan Industrial Development and Investmen...

 1: INTRODUCTION In a significant ruling, the Supreme Court of India has held that the State is liable to pay compensation for accidents involving vehicles requisitioned for public purposes such as election duty. The judgment clarifies that liability follows control, not ownership , thereby preventing governments from shifting responsibility onto private insurers.  2: FACTUAL BACKGROUND Case arose from a 2010 road accident in Madhya Pradesh A school bus requisitioned for panchayat election duty collided with a motorcycle The accident resulted in the death of the rider Procedural History Motor Accident Claims Tribunal (MACT): Liability fixed on insurer Madhya Pradesh High Court: Shifted liability to District Magistrate and election authorities Supreme Court: Upheld High Court ruling  3: BENCH AND PROCEEDINGS Bench comprising: Sanjay Karol N. Kotiswar Singh Senior Advocate Archana Pathak Dave assisted as amicus curiae  4: CORE ISSUE Whether liability for compensation...

 1: INTRODUCTION The Supreme Court of India has once again delivered a strong message against dowry-related violence, calling dowry deaths a “severe blot on society” and a grave violation of human dignity. The Court stressed that such offences must be dealt with strictly and with heightened judicial scrutiny , particularly at the stage of bail.  2: FACTUAL BACKGROUND Case originated from Bihar Deceased woman died within 1.5 years of marriage under suspicious circumstances FIR filed by her mother in September 2024 Allegations Dowry already given: ₹20 lakh cash Gold and silver worth ₹6 lakh Continued demands: Motorcycle Refrigerator Vehicle for business Threats of death for non-fulfilment  3: MEDICAL EVIDENCE The post-mortem report revealed: Fractured skull with brain injury Ruptured sternum and heart Pelvic fractures Multiple abrasions Cause of death: Haemorrhage and shock due to head injury This strongly indicated violent physical assault , strengthening prosecution cla...

1: INTRODUCTION In a significant assertion of judicial oversight, the Supreme Court of India issued a contempt notice to the Archaeological Survey of India for failing to comply with its directions regarding conservation status reports of heritage monuments in Delhi. The Court summoned the Director General of ASI to appear personally, indicating a strict stance against administrative non-compliance in matters of cultural heritage preservation. 2: FACTUAL BACKGROUND The matter originates from a petition concerning encroachment and conservation of heritage sites in Delhi. A February order of the Court directed multiple authorities to submit: Location details Geo-mapping Photographs Conservation status Agencies Involved ASI (173 monuments) Delhi Government Municipal Corporation of Delhi New Delhi Municipal Council 3: NON-COMPLIANCE BY ASI Despite being responsible for 173 centrally protected monuments , ASI: Failed to file any affidavit Did not submit required data The Court termed this...

 1: INTRODUCTION The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Bill, 2026 seeks to amend the existing Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 with the objective of redefining the scope of “transgender persons,” strengthening penal provisions, and restructuring procedural safeguards for identification and protection. The Bill reflects a significant legislative shift from a self-identification framework toward a more regulated and medically-influenced identification system .  2: OBJECT AND LEGISLATIVE INTENT The Statement of Objects and Reasons highlights: Need for a precise and restrictive definition of transgender persons Addressing ambiguity in identification under the 2019 Act Ensuring benefits reach only a “specific class” facing biological and social exclusion Strengthening penal provisions for grave offences like forced gender alteration and exploitation The Bill explicitly states that protection is not intended for all self-perceived gender i...

INTRODUCTION In a significant development, the Supreme Court of India stayed the operation of a judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court which had quashed a chargesheet filed in connection with alleged irregularities in the 2001 Haryana Civil Services (HCS) recruitment. The order reopens the controversy surrounding one of Haryana’s most debated recruitment scandals and raises critical questions about judicial review, delay in investigation, and accountability in public service examinations . FACTUAL BACKGROUND The case pertains to alleged malpractices in the 2001 HCS (Executive Branch) and Allied Services Examination conducted by the Haryana Public Service Commission. FIR registered in 2005 by the State Vigilance Bureau, Hisar. In 2023 , the Haryana Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB) filed a chargesheet. Accused Persons 8 HCS officers (2002 batch), including: Veena Hooda Jagdeep Dhanda Sarita Malik among others Total accused: 29 persons , including: Former HPSC officials Allied servic...

1. Introduction In a deeply disturbing case emerging from Gurugram, the Supreme Court of India delivered a scathing rebuke to the Haryana Police and associated authorities over their handling of the alleged sexual assault of a four-year-old child. The Court’s observations—describing the investigation as “shameful,” “insensitive,” and reflective of “complete recklessness”—highlight systemic failures in safeguarding child victims under India’s criminal justice framework. The case not only exposes grave procedural lapses but also raises critical questions regarding compliance with statutory mandates under child protection laws, constitutional guarantees, and established judicial precedents. 2. Factual Matrix 2.1 Nature of Allegations A four-year-old girl was allegedly subjected to repeated sexual assault over a period of approximately two months. The accused include two female domestic workers and a male accomplice. The offence reportedly took place in a residential society in Sector 54, ...

1. Introduction In a significant ruling clarifying the intersection of religion, caste identity, and statutory protections , the Supreme Court of India has held that conversion to Christianity or any religion outside Hinduism, Sikhism, or Buddhism results in the loss of Scheduled Caste (SC) status . The judgment reinforces the constitutional framework governing affirmative action and anti-discrimination protections , particularly under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 . 2. Factual Background The case arose from a criminal complaint filed by Chinthada Anand, a pastor from Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh. The complainant alleged: Assault Caste-based abuse Obstruction of evangelical activities Based on his complaint, offences were registered under: The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989 Relevant provisions of the Indian Penal Code However, one of the accused, Akkala Rami Reddy, challenged the proceedings,...

1. Introduction In a significant reaffirmation of bail jurisprudence and evidentiary standards , the Supreme Court of India declined to cancel the bail granted to an accused in the high-profile murder case of former Maharashtra minister Baba Siddique. The ruling underscores the judiciary’s commitment to individualised criminal liability , even in cases involving allegations of organised crime. 2. Factual Background The case arises from the murder of Baba Siddique, a three-time MLA and senior leader, who was shot dead on October 12, 2024 , in Mumbai’s Bandra (East) area outside his son’s office. The accused, Akashdeep Karaj Singh, aged 22, was arrested in November 2024 from a border village in Punjab. He became the first accused to secure bail in the case from the Bombay High Court on February 9. The prosecution alleged links between Singh and the Bishnoi organised crime syndicate , purportedly orchestrated by Anmol Bishnoi. The bail order was challenged by the deceased’s widow, Shehze...

1. Introduction The recent decision of the Supreme Court of India in the Vadodara car crash case brings into sharp focus the evolving contours of bail jurisprudence , criminal liability under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) , and the judicial approach toward acts committed under intoxication . By dismissing the Gujarat government’s plea against bail, the Court reaffirmed foundational principles governing pre-trial liberty , while carefully distinguishing between culpable conduct and deliberate criminal intent . 2. Factual Matrix The case arose from a tragic incident dated March 14, 2025 , in Vadodara, Gujarat. A 23-year-old law student, Rakshit Ravish Chorasiya, allegedly drove a car under the influence of drugs and caused multiple collisions near Muktanand crossroads, Karelibaug . One woman, Hemali Patel, lost her life. Nine others sustained injuries. Eyewitness and video evidence suggested erratic behaviour, including the accused shouting “another round” post-collision. The accuse...

I. Introduction A nine-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court of India , led by Chief Justice of India Surya Kant , has clarified that it will not examine the definition of “industry” under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 while reviewing the correctness of the landmark 1978 judgment in Bangalore Water Supply v A Rajappa . Instead, the Court has confined its inquiry to determining whether the interpretation of “industry” under the earlier statutory regime—specifically the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947—was correctly decided in 1978. II. Background: The 1978 Bangalore Water Supply Judgment The decision in Bangalore Water Supply v. A. Rajappa (1978) remains one of the most significant rulings in Indian labour law. The Court interpreted Section 2(j) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 expansively and introduced a “triple test” to determine what constitutes an “industry”: Systematic activity Cooperation between employer and employee Production or distribution of goods and se...