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Unraveling the Scope and Significance of Article 12 of the Indian Constitution: A Comprehensive Discussion with Relevant Supreme Court Case Laws Introduction: The Indian Constitution is a cornerstone of the nation's legal framework, enshrining the fundamental rights and liberties of its citizens. Article 12 holds a pivotal position within this framework, as it defines the scope and applicability of the term "State." In this article, we delve into a comprehensive discussion of Article 12, analyzing its provisions and exploring the significant Supreme Court case laws that have shaped its interpretation. Article 12: Defining the State: Article 12 of the Indian Constitution elucidates the meaning of the term "State" as used throughout the document. According to this article, the term encompasses not only the government and Parliament of India but also the government and legislatures of the states. Additionally, it includes all local authorities and other entities au...