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High Courts in India: Constitutional Mandates and Contemporary Challenges High Courts in India: Constitutional Framework and Contemporary Relevance Articles 214 to 232 of the Indian Constitution govern the establishment, powers, jurisdiction, and functioning of High Courts across India, forming the backbone of the country's judicial system. Establishment and Composition: Article 214 outlines the establishment of High Courts in states and their composition, emphasizing their pivotal role in state-level judicial administration. Jurisdiction and Powers: Articles 225 to 231 specify the High Courts' jurisdiction, powers to issue writs, appellate authority, and their power to review decisions from subordinate courts. Constitutional Principles and Case Laws: Constitutional Principles: The provisions within Articles 214 to 232 align with constitutional principles, ensuring the independence, integrity, and authority of High Courts as guardians of justice. Relevant Case Laws: Maneka Gand...

Article 21 of the Indian Constitution: A Contemporary Discussion on  Fundamental Rights and Case Laws Introduction: Article 21 of the Indian Constitution is widely regarded as one of the cornerstones of the fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution. It states, "No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to the procedure established by law." Over the years, this article has evolved and been interpreted by the judiciary, playing a pivotal role in safeguarding the rights and liberties of Indian citizens. In this article, we delve into the current modern era and explore the significance of Article 21 through a discussion of relevant case laws. Right to Life: The right to life is a fundamental right guaranteed by Article 21, and its interpretation has expanded over time to encompass various facets of human existence. The Supreme Court of India has recognized that the right to life includes the right to live with dignity, the right to liveli...