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Constitutional Discussion: Exploring Articles 189 to 192 of the Indian Constitution in the Modern Era Introduction: The Indian Constitution, being a living document, adapts and evolves to meet the challenges of a changing society. In this context, Articles 189 to 192 hold significant importance as they deal with the disqualification of members of legislative bodies on the grounds of defection. This article aims to discuss and analyze these provisions in light of contemporary developments and relevant case laws, exploring their efficacy and impact on democratic governance. Article 189: Vacation of Seats Article 189 provides for the vacation of seats by members of legislative bodies in case of defection. The provision mandates that a member shall be disqualified if he or she voluntarily gives up the membership of a political party or votes or abstains from voting in the legislature contrary to any direction issued by the party leadership. This provision aims to deter political defection,...