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Article 123 of the Indian Constitution: Presidential Ordinances in Modern Governance Overview: Article 123 delineates the President's authority to promulgate ordinances when both Houses of Parliament are not in session, addressing exigent situations that necessitate immediate legislative action. Scope and Limitations: The ordinance-making power is limited to situations demanding urgent legislative measures, and these ordinances have the same force as an Act of Parliament. However, they require subsequent approval from the Parliament within a stipulated timeframe to retain validity. Modern Era Interpretation: While the usage of ordinances has been a part of India's legislative process, the interpretation and application of Article 123 in the modern era have been shaped by notable instances and judicial considerations. Key Instances and Judicial Pronouncements: D.C. Wadhwa v. State of Bihar (1987): The Supreme Court emphasized that the ordinance-making power is an emergency powe...