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Article 49 of the Indian Constitution: Protection of Monuments and Heritage Sites in the Modern Era Introduction Article 49 of the Indian Constitution embodies the directive principle of state policy that emphasizes the protection of historical monuments, archaeological sites, and objects of national importance. In the current modern era, marked by rapid urbanization and development, it is crucial to discuss the scope, implications, and relevant case laws associated with Article 49. Understanding Article 49 Article 49 is a part of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) enshrined in Part IV of the Indian Constitution. It states that the state shall protect every monument or place of historical, archaeological, or artistic interest, declared as such by or under law made by Parliament. Relevant Case Laws Shaping the Interpretation of Article 49 1. State of Bihar v. Kameshwar Singh (1952) : The Kameshwar Singh case dealt with the constitutional validity of the Bihar Land Reforms A...